Romanesque: Speyer Cathedral

Speyer Cathedral

Romanesque architecture (often called Norman architecture in England) developed in the early Middle Ages. It became the universal style for churches for about 200 years until the Gothic style developed. The style's name obviously comes from Roman origins, as do many of its characteristics. Romanesque architecture can easily be distinguished by its rounded arches, however other Roman influences include vaulted ceilings and columns. Other characteristics which were also sometimes adopted by Gothic architecture come from early Christian traditions, such as the addition of a transept, the sides added to create the shape of a cross, and the use of three doors at the entrance to symbolize the Trinity. In addition, Romanesque churches were built sturdy with large walls and few, but small windows. This was due to the risk of siege and destruction that often would destroy weaker buildings.

An excellent example of Romanesque architecture is Speyer Cathedral in Germany. It was constructed c. 1030-1124, according to the pamphlet guide you can collect at the entrance. "With the Abbey of Cluny in ruins, it remains the largest Romanesque church" (wikipedia.com). 

It exemplifies all of the aforementioned Romanesque characteristics. Rounded arches and columns are used for both support and decoration all around the outside and the inside of the church. Also, the front and west end of the church (the apse or head of the cross usually points east) has three doors.

The columns are used inside as well for support and are usually decorated, as shown in this picture from a side chapel:

The nave of the church is covered by a vaulted ceiling that is likewise supported by round, Romanesque arches.

The lower windows are small, since they are most susceptible to damage. Again, rounded arches can be found in abundance in Romanesque cathedrals.

The following are my thoughts I had on visiting the cathedral:
May 15^th

11 AM

We just stopped at Speyer Cathedral. I particularly noticed the simplicity of this cathedral and wonder if that is a characteristic of early medieval architecture in the west. It was also very bright with the white and red stonework. I thought the white and red was more reminiscent of Roman and Byzantine architecture.

I took a lot of pictures, but here are a few more of my favorites: